The Olympic was built first and completed by 1911, and the Titanic was completed in 1912, after the construction efforts of nearly 11,000 men.
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The Great Gantry was a series of 10 cranes that could lift laborers and materials to the height of the deck to which they were assigned to build. So before the ships could be built, the White Star Dock and the Great Gantry were. There was a catch to these grandiose plans, however: No construction arena or launching site could accommodate the ships. (We'll read more about those decks in the next section.) Above the machinery in the hull, decks lettered A through F contained everything from cabins and dining halls to Turkish baths. He designed the ships to stay afloat with two of the 16 compartments flooded the ship could even manage to sail on with up to three or four water-filled compartments. Thomas Andrews' theory behind these watertight doors was that they could close off flooded compartments in case of emergency.
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Another innovation aboard the ships was watertight doors that could be dropped automatically or by manual controls. A turbine room, an engine room, six boiler rooms, 11 stokeholds and rooms for heaters and refrigeration equipment were separated by bulkheads - reinforced partitions. The ships required an immense amount of power, and these powerhouse compartments were located in the hull of the ship. This arrangement, combined with two three-blade propellers measuring 23.5 feet (7.2 meters) in diameter and a four-blade propeller of 17 feet (5.2 meters) located near the ship's rudder, produced enough horsepower to attain speeds up to 24 knots. The Parson's turbine was an essential development in the construction process - it operated off the exhaust steam produced by the ship's two reciprocating engines, which were nearly four stories tall. John Brown's shipbuilding firm obliged Ismay and Pirrie with steel and turbines. To build a safe ship 882.5 feet (268.8 meters) long and 92.5 feet (28.2 meters) wide with a gross weight of 45,000 tons (40,823 metric tons), some innovative shipbuilding techniques and materials were required. Alexander Montgomery Carlisle was named head designer of the project, a position later handed over to Pirrie's nephew, Thomas Andrews. Ismay and Pirrie's early sketches of the ships included two masts and four smokestacks - the ships would only need three to function, but a fourth was added to make the design symmetrical and was later repurposed into a ventilation system. Bruce Ismay and Lord William Pirrie, chairman of shipbuilders Harland & Wolff, estimated that they'd be about one-and-a-half times the size of the Cunard Line's largest ships. These ships shared a design plan and a common theme: bigness. The White Star Line's triumvirate of steamers included the Gigantic, Olympic and Titanic. The Titanic is readied for launch in Belfast. And that one historian claimed the Titanic, along with Jesus and the Civil War, are the three most-written-about subjects of all time. No wonder innumerable books, poems, films and songs have been created about the it. And the fact that the accident could very well have been prevented if the crew had heeded ice warnings from other ships.Īnd then there's the posh sailing vessel itself, with luxuries like five grand pianos and the Grand Staircase, which is actually a collection of ornate staircases. Like the fact that life-saving efforts were focused on the elite while more than 500 third-class passengers perished, only 123 first-class passengers did. But there are so many other aspects to this famous disaster that foster intrigue. More than 1,500 people died when the ship sank into the North Atlantic late on the night of April 14, 1912, which is tragic enough. Titanic was thought to be unsinkable as it departed Southampton in England on April 10, 1912.
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